Risk for travelers
- Spreads under insanitary conditions, either person-to-person or through contact with contaminated food, drink or water
- Annually, ≈ 16 million cases and 600,000 typhoid-related deaths occur worldwide; ≈ 400 cases, mostly among travelers, are reported to the CDC
Health Tips for Travelers
- Get vaccinated before you travel
- Eat only properly prepared and well-cooked food remember-boil it, cook it, peel it, or forget it!
- Drink only canned and commercially bottled water
- Wash hands carefully before eating or preparing food
Facts about typhoid fever
- An acute, life-threatening febrile illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica typhi
- Symptoms includes: high fever (eg, 104ºF), headache, myalgia, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, constipation, diarrhea, skin lesions (rose spots)
Prevention
Vaccination is recommended for:
- Travelers to high-risk areas (small cities, villages, and/or rural areas), including short-term travelers and nonnative-born Americans returning to their countries of origin to visit friends and relatives (VFRs)
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)1
Typhoid fever: Even short-term travelers are at risk
Risk for travelers
- Canine rabies remains highly endemic in many countries around the world, including Africa, Asia and Central and South America
- Travelers with excessive unprotected outdoor recreational or occupational activities in rural areas may be at high risk, even if their trips and brief
Health Tips for Travelers
- Get vaccinated before you travel
- Avoid contact with stay and wild animals
- Avoid any contact with live or dead bats
- Thoroughly clean even small animals bites or scratches with copious amounts of soap, water, and iodine; seek immediate medical attention
Facts about rabies disease
- An acute encephalomyelitis caused by a neurotropic virus; the most common mode of rabies virus transmission is through the bite of an infected animal (eg, dogs, cats, bats); rabies is inevitably fatal, if untreated
- Symptoms: flu-like in early stages-malaise fever, on headache; there may be discomfort or paresthesia at the site of the bite, As disease progresses, symptoms include anxiety, confusion, agitation, delirium, abnormal behavior, hallucinations, and insomnia followed by coma and death (due to respiratory failure), usually within 7 days
Prevention and treatment
- Pre-exposure immunization with rabies vaccine
- Post-exposure treatment with rabies vaccine plus rabies immune globulin
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)1
Rabies: Widespread and inevitably fatal
Risk for travelers
- Traveler s are at risk in all areas where yellow fever is endemic; the risk is greatest in forest and jungle areas
- South America, especially Brazil and peru, are experiencing an upsurge in transmission, which makes the risk for travelers higher than usual 4 fatal cases have involved unvaccinated tourists from the United States and Europe
Health Tips for Travelers
- Get vaccinated before you travel
- Wear protective clothing
- Apply insect repellent to skin and clothing (DEET-containing product preferred to prevent mosquito bites)
Facts about Yellow fever
- A mosquito-home viral infection; transmission occurs via the Aedes aegypti mosquito during daytime in sub-Saharan Africa; other mosquito species are vectors in South America
- Symptoms:
- Phase1: fever, muscular pain, headache, chills, anorexia, and nausea/vomiting
- Phase2: fever resurgence, jaundice, abdominal pain, vomiting, hermorrhaging (about 15% of patients progress to second phase, 50% of whom die within 10 to 14 days)
Prevention
Vaccination is required for:
- Travelers to countries/areas where yellow fever is endemic1 International Certificate of Vaccination is required (contact your state department of health)
- Most endemic countries have requirements for yellow fever vaccination prior to entry
- Certain countries require vaccination for travelers arriving from an endemic zone
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)1
Yellow fever: Increasing risk from an expanding danger
Risk for travelers
- Low: Short-term travelers (<30days) to urban areas
- Moderate: Travelers with extensive unprotected outdoor exposure (recreational or occupational) in rural areas, even if their trips are brief
- High: Long-term travelers (≥30 days) to rural areas when disease is endemic or epidemic
Health Tips for Travelers
- Get vaccinated before you travel
- Wear protective clothing
- Apply insect repellent to skin and clothing (DEET-containing product preferred) to prevent mosquito bites
- Limit outdoor activities from dusk until dawn in rural/agriculture areas
Fact about Japanese encephalitis
- A mosquito-borne viral infection; transmission usually occurs from dusk until dawn, when the mosquito (Culex) is most active
- Generally asymptomatic, but when encephalitis occurs, symptoms include: fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, delirium, paralysis, seizures, and coma; there is no treatment, and the case-fatality rate can be as high as 30%
Prevention
Vaccination is recommended for:
- Travelers spending ≥30 days in endemic or epidemic areas (especially rural)
- Travelers spending <30 days if they will be engaging in expensive outdoor activities in rural areas
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)1
Japanese encephalitis: a serious threat, a cause for concern
Risk for travelers
- Epidemics caused by serogroup A and, to a lesser extent, serogroup C are recumbent in the “meningitis belt” or sub-Saharan Africa
- Serogroup W-135 is a recent source of major epidemics in Saudi Arabia (during Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca) and Burkina Faso
Health Tips for Travelers
- Get vaccinated before you travel
- Avoid sharing drinking glasses and eating utensils
- If possible, avoid crowded places where you could have direct contact with infected persons
Facts about meningococcal disease
- An acute bacterial infection caused by multiple serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis; most commonly serogroups A, B, C, W-135 and Y
- Symptoms include: sudden onset of fever, severe headache, nausea rash; if left untreated, the disease can be rapidly fatal
Prevention
Vaccination is required for:
- Travelers to Mecca, Saudi Arabia during the annual Hajj
Vaccination is recommended for:
- Travelers to countries having endemic and/or epidemic meningococcal disease
- Travelers to the “meningitis belt” of Africa (ie, from Senegal to Ethiopia), especially during the dry season (December through June)
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)1
Meningococcal disease: Deadly and diverse
Risk for travelers
Risk of exposure varies by destination and season1
- Northern Hemisphere: Influenza epidemics generally occur in fall/winter months on an annual or near-annual basis and are responsible for ≈ 36,000 deaths in the United States each year
- Southern Hemisphere: Most influenza epidemics occur from April through September
- Tropics: Influenza epidemics can occur throughout the year
Health Tips for travelers
- Get vaccinated before you travel
- Wash hands frequently to stop germs from spreading; alcohol-based gels or wipes also work well
- Cover your month and nose wit a tissue when coughing on sneezing
Facts about influenza
- A serious highly contagious infection caused by either influenza A or B viruses
- Symptoms include: sudden onset of high fever, severe headache, myalgia, malaise, nonproductive cough, sore throat, and rhinitis
- Influenza-related complications and deaths occur most frequently among the elderly (>65 years of age), infants and young children (6-59 months of age), and people with chronic medical conditions (eg, asthma, diabetes, heart disease)
Prevention
Vaccination is recommended for:
- Travelers at high risk for influenza-related complications
- Travelers to the tropics or Southern Hemisphere
- Travelers who are part of organized tourist groups-especially if the groups includes travelers from area where influenza viruses are circulating
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)1
Influenza: Serious, Contagious, and vaccine preventable
Risk for travelers
- Poliovirus remains endemic in four countries: Nigeria, India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan
- In addition, transmission has been re-established in eight countries due to importation of the poliovirus: Somalia, Yemen, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Niger, Nepal and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Infected travelers are potent vectors for poliovirus transmission and possible reintroduction of the virus into polio-free zones
Health Tips for Travelers
- Make sure you are fully immunized against polio before you travel
Facts about poliomyelitis
- A highly contagious infectious disease caused by three serotypes of poliovirus: type1, 2, and 3; person-to-person transmission occurs primarily by direct fecal-oral contact, although indirect contact with infected saliva or feces, or contaminated water (oral-oral route) may account for some cases
- Clinical manifestation range from asymptomatic (most infections) to symptomatic, including acute flaccid paralysis of a single limb to quadriplegia, respiratory failure, and rarely, death
Prevention
Vaccination is recommended for:
- Travelers to countries where polio is endemic or epidemic
- Unvaccinated adults should receive the 3-dose polio vaccination primary series with in activated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)
- Adults who have received the 3-dose primary series should receive a booster dose of IPV before departure
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)1
Poliomyelitis: A deadly import
Risk for travelers
- Worldwide, B pertussis causes at least 20 million cases of pertussis, with an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 fatalities a year; disease rates are highest in developing countries where vaccination coverage is low
- Unvaccinated infants are at highest risk, but all travelers are at increased risk if they are not fully immunized or if their immunity has waned over time
Health Tips for Travelers
- Make sure you are fully immunized before u travel
- Avoid crowded places where direct contact with infected persons in possible
Facts about pertussis
- A highly contagious disease of the respiratory tract caused by bacterium Bordetella pertussis; transmission occurs by direct contact with airborne respiratory discharges from infected persons
- Immunity from childhood vaccinations, as well as natural disease, wanes over time so adolescents and adults can become infected/reinfacted
- Symptoms: initially similar to mild upper respiratory tract infection, followed by the development of a severe, prolong cough (several week’s duration) with or without paroxysmal “whoop,” often followed by vomiting and cyanosis; serious complications (ie, apnea, pneumonia, seizures, and death) are most common in unvaccinated or partially vaccinated young children (<4 years of age)
Prevention
Vaccination is recommended for:
- Travelers to countries where pertussis vaccination rates are low
- Exposure to pertussis is greater in developing countries, so children up to 7 years of age should be fully immunized
- Adolescents (11-18 years of age) and adults (19-64 years of age) and a pertussis booster (Tdap)*
Source: World Health Organization (WHO)1
Pertussis: A serious threat for world travelers
WHY CHOOSE US
We’re Setting the New
We’re Setting the New
Standards in Medical Sector
Modern Technology
Northgate uses Modern technology to provide quality and timely medical services to members of the public be it travel consultation, routine visitation or other medical related issues.
Certified Doctors
The Northgate Medical Centre and Travel Clinic is led by Dr. Felix Asekomhe, who has received extensive training in the area of tropical medicine.
Success Of Treatment
For over 16 years, we have provided impeccable service to our clients cutting across diverse medical needs.
WHY CHOOSE US
We’re Setting the New
We’re Setting the New
Standards in Medical Sector
Modern Technology
Northgate uses Modern technology to provide quality and timely medical services to members of the public be it travel consultation, routine visitation or other medical related issues.
Certified Doctors
The Northgate Medical Centre and Travel Clinic is led by Dr. Felix Asekomhe, who has received extensive training in the area of tropical medicine.
Success Of Treatment
For over 16 years, we have provided impeccable service to our clients cutting across diverse medical needs.
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